It has been shown that highly processed plant protein sources can successfully replace fish meal without affecting feed intake, growth or feed efficiency performance, but these ingredients are costly.
The advantages of using plant ingredients they are cheap, and represent a positive environmental profile.
The major challenge is plant ingredients contain a wide range of undesirable components -- the so called antinutritional factors -- which can lead to problems with low feed intake, reduced growth and feed efficiency and well as a series of nutritional related disorders such as inflammation in the intestine and bone deformities.
However,
