Industrialized Indoor Farms (IIF) -- concrete ponds using recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) -- are "booming" in China, according to Fu-ci Guo, global category aquaculture manager at animal nutrition company Royal Agrifirm, with capacity of 8 million cubic meters being built between 2014 and 2023 across several provinces in the country.

Of this, industry giants CP, Tongwei, Haida and Evergreen have built eight factories, accounting for 2 million cubic meters, or 70,000 metric tons, he said.

Tongwei’s new CNY 1.2 billion (€152.9