The cancellation of the key first anchovy season in north-central waters has cost Peru's industry $1 billion (€917 million), according to Eduardo Ferreyros, president of the trade group Peru's National Fisheries Society (SNP).

As part of cost-cutting efforts, fishmeal plants in Peru have shut down for the first time in 30 years with firms ordering workers to take outstanding holidays or bring them forward.

So far, there has been no official word from authorities that the first season has finally been canceled, despite attempts to revive it, although that is the widespread expectation throughout Peru and the industry.