European refrigerated cargo ship operators and owners face tens of millions in possible fines after a series of penalty notices from the US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agency, and some of these firms want American Seafoods to cover the fines, according to IntraFish sister publication TradeWinds.

London-based Star Reefers and Sweden-based, Russian-controlled operator Cool Carriers with its owner Baltic Shipping account for the lion's share of voyages the agency is known to have objected to so far.

But Norway's Green Reefers and Ecuador's Noboa Group are also among those whose vessels were named by US Customs in August in an enforcement blitz to punish violators of the Jones Act.